Projects & Operations

Brazil's Top 10 Gold Mines: Production Atlas 2025

Ten mines account for roughly 55 percent of Brazil's gold production.

From the single largest open-pit in South America to a cluster of

high-grade underground operations in the greenstone belts of Bahia and

Minas Gerais, the 2025 atlas tells a clearer story than the country's

aggregate tonnage ever could.¹

The Headline Concentration

Brazil produced an estimated 80 tonnes of gold in 2025 on the USGS

measurement, and roughly 100 tonnes on the broader IBRAM-aligned

measurement that includes licensed artisanal mining.²³ A sector review

published by Revista Minérios in December 2025 identified the ten

highest-producing operations and their contribution to national output;

the top ten together accounted for close to 55 percent of the domestic

tonnage.¹

Eight of the ten mines sit in just four states — Minas Gerais, Bahia,

Pará and Mato Grosso — with the remaining two in Goiás. The geographic

concentration overlaps with Brazil's oldest gold-producing regions, but

recent greenfield commissioning in the Center-West has begun to shift

the balance.

Paracatu's Dominant Position

At 13.2 percent of national production, Paracatu in north-western Minas

Gerais stands well above the next-largest Brazilian operation.¹ Owned

and operated by Kinross Gold, the open-pit mine produced 601,000 ounces

in 2025, and a March 2026 technical report confirmed 4.8 million ounces

of reserves and mine life extending to 2034.⁴

Paracatu's share has been stable for more than a decade, a testament to

the engineering work that makes large-volume low-grade production

economical. No other Brazilian asset has matched its combination of

scale, longevity and price leverage — and no Brazilian gold atlas can be

drawn without it at the centre.

Its effect on the industry's reputation is just as large as its effect

on the tonnage. Paracatu is the asset that foreign majors point to when

defending the quality of Brazilian gold operations in the eyes of

capital-markets investors. That reputational role matters

disproportionately for newer, smaller mines seeking their own capital.

Bahia's Two Anchors

Bahia holds two of the top five positions: Jacobina at 7.4 percent and

Fazenda Brasileiro at 6.5 percent.¹ Jacobina, owned by Pan American

Silver (which acquired Yamana Gold's Brazilian operations in 2023), is a

long-life underground mine working a conglomerate-hosted gold system.

Fazenda Brasileiro, operated by Equinox Gold, is a narrow-vein

underground mine in the Rio Itapicuru greenstone belt that has seen

multiple life extensions.

Both operations represent the classic Bahian combination: established

geology, long operating history, reliable annual output. Neither is

large enough to anchor a single-asset investment thesis, but together

they give Bahia the second-largest state production footprint behind

Minas Gerais.

The Minas Gerais Underground Cluster

Beyond Paracatu, Minas Gerais hosts two of the top five Brazilian

operations — both run by Jaguar Mining: the Pilar Complex at 5.8 percent

and Turmalina at 4.6 percent.¹ Both are underground, both target

high-grade narrow-vein systems, and both have faced the operational

challenges typical of such mines: selective stoping, grade variability,

ventilation costs.

Jaguar Mining spent much of 2024-2025 working through operational

improvements that have lifted throughput and reliability. For investors,

the Jaguar story is the closest Brazilian proxy to the Australian

underground narrow-vein producer archetype — smaller tonnages, higher

grades, operationally demanding, but capable of attractive all-in

sustaining cost performance when executed well.

Pará's Copper-Gold Block

Pará's top entries in the gold atlas come from copper mines: Sossego at

4.2 percent and Salobo at 3.9 percent.¹ Both are operated by Vale and

both generate gold as a by-product of copper concentrate production. The

implication is important: Pará's gold supply is not responsive to the

gold price in the same way that a primary gold mine is, because the

decision to run the pit depends on copper economics.

The structural consequence is stability. Even in a year when the gold

price was volatile, Pará's copper-gold block kept producing because

copper kept being sold. For a national production picture that relies on

reliability, Sossego and Salobo are exactly the kind of assets that

smooth the aggregate line.

The by-product dynamic also creates an unusual revenue profile for Vale.

At 2025 prices the gold stream from these two operations added

meaningful value to a segment of the company that investors typically

model for copper fundamentals alone. The copper-gold combination inside

Carajás is one of the quieter reasons Pará has become a more important

piece of the Brazilian precious-metals story.

Goiás and Center-West Up-and-Comers

Serra Grande in Goiás ranks eighth at 3.7 percent of national output.¹

The asset changed hands in late 2025 when AngloGold Ashanti divested it

to Aura Minerals for US$76 million — a transaction that reshuffled

Brazilian mid-tier ownership and consolidated Aura's footprint.⁴

Aura also operates two of the ten listed mines, Aldeia at 2.8 percent

and Mineração Apoena at 2.1 percent, both open-pit operations in Mato

Grosso.¹ With Borborema in Rio Grande do Norte commissioned in the first

quarter of 2025 and Serra Grande acquired, Aura is now the most active

mid-tier in the country, and its Center-West and Northeast positions are

likely to gain share in the 2026 atlas.

The broader Center-West story is worth watching. State-level exploration

programmes in Goiás and Mato Grosso have been active, and the SGB's

Amazon favourability maps released in 2024 suggest that the Alta

Floresta belt in northern Mato Grosso remains under-explored relative to

its geological potential.⁵

The Center-West's infrastructure has also improved. Power availability

in the interior of Goiás and Mato Grosso is measurably better than it

was a decade ago, and the road and rail corridors that support

agribusiness in these states translate directly into cost reductions for

mining logistics. A mine commissioned in 2026 in northern Mato Grosso

enjoys infrastructure that a comparable mine in 2016 would not have had.

Outlook

Brazil's 2026 top-ten list will almost certainly have Paracatu at the

top and the Bahian anchors in the next band. The interesting movement

will come in the middle — particularly in the Center-West, where Aura's

expanded footprint and greenfield commissioning could push new names

into the ranking. For investors building exposure to Brazilian gold, the

atlas is the practical starting point: the geography of production is

also the geography of opportunity, and in 2026 it is wider, deeper and

more clearly mapped than at any point in the last decade.

Meta: Ten mines delivered around 55% of Brazilian gold in 2025.

Paracatu, Jacobina, Fazenda Brasileiro and the rest — a production atlas

and what it reveals.

Keywords: Brazil gold mines, Paracat

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